The inhalation industry’s shift to low Global Warming Potential (GWP) propellants is well underway, with the first low carbon pressurised Metered Dose Inhalers (pMDIs) using either HFA-152a or HFO-1234ze(E) now reaching regulatory approval.
However, choosing a propellant is only the first step. Both next-generation alternatives have distinct physical and chemical properties that affect each stage of development and manufacture.
At Bespak®, the answer has been a digital-first development approach: using computational simulation to reduce risk and accelerate decision-making across the full pMDI lifecycle.
In our latest eBook in Drug Development & Delivery, Bespak’s Tom Daly, Development Engineer, and Karl Bass, Principal Model-Based Systems Engineer, explore how digital modelling and simulation are helping developers navigate the transition to low GWP propellants. From formulation behaviour and valve refill dynamics to hardware optimisation and manufacturing readiness, they demonstrate how computational tools can improve performance understanding and accelerate the path from early development through to commercial supply.
Thomas Daly
Development Engineer
Karl Bass
Principal Model-Based Systems Engineer
